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Representations of Intellectual and Cognitive Disabilities, Gender, and Sexuality in Film

Abby Bowers

, Michigan State University

Volume 2, Issue 2 | Spring 2026

Abstract

The representation of intellectual and cognitive disability in film and television has increased quite a bit over the years, and with that increase, certain tropes have started to develop and become more normalized over time. This paper will look at specific tropes involving cognitive disability and sexuality through the representation of disabled characters and people in the 1939 film Of Mice and Men, the 1999 TV show Freaks and Geeks, and the 2024 reality show Love on the Spectrum. From the 1930s through present times, the trope of naivety for cognitively disabled people in romantic contexts has persisted. Furthermore, the trope of femininity for cognitively disabled men has created a dissonance between femininity and disability when projected onto women with cognitive disabilities. Overall, these tropes work to perpetuate a distance between intellectual disability and sexuality through the added factor of gender expression.

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