Student Papers in Academic Research Collaborative, SPARC, is the undergraduate, peer-reviewed, open access research publication of Michigan State University. We welcome submissions from MSU undergraduates across disciplines and fields so that we may promote academic work through publishing a variety of papers and creative works. Since SPARC strives to encourage interdisciplinarity, our audience includes undergraduates, researchers and scholars across multiple disciplines. Through advocacy, education, and research, SPARC seeks to build a community of collaborative undergraduate students. We foster ambition and curiosity and encourage interdisciplinary learning through journal discussions, documentary screenings, podcasts, and more. It is our hope that undergraduate students, regardless of area of study, can gain the confidence to interact with professional publications through SPARC